Por HÉCTOR MORENO GALVIS
Se han escrito ríos de tinta sobre el páramo de Santurbán. Los santandereanos hemos librado una lucha dura y pertinaz en defensa de su agua, pero la antes llamada Greystar Resources y ahora Minesa, mantiene su interés en la explotación de la mina de oro ubicada dentro de la zona protegida.
El sistema de páramos está conformado por los de Santurbán, Almorzadero, Cocuy, Pisba y Tota entre otros. Los páramos constituyen el origen del agua que da vida y bienestar a más de 2’200.000 habitantes de los municipios de Bucaramanga, Cúcuta y 30 municipios más de Santander y Norte de Santander.
Con base en esta consideración, difiero del artículo que en días pasados escribió el doctor Alberto Montoya Puyana para el periódico Vanguardia, donde apoya la explotación minera porque según su criterio no va a causar daños al páramo y nos vamos a “beneficiar” de la riqueza que yace en el subsuelo santandereano. (Ver columna de Alberto Puyana).
Además de producir desde sus entrañas el agua para la región, el páramo como generador del preciado líquido captura el gas carbónico y genera oxígeno, gracias la vegetación (musgos, frailejones, líquenes etc.) sobre grandes colchones de humedad, vitales para la regulación hídrica y la producción de oxígeno. Todos estos son elementos fundamentales para la vida humana y animal, así como para la sostenibilidad ambiental.
En la cordillera Oriental de Colombia está ubicado el 50% de los páramos del mundo, y los más importantes se hallan en los dos Santanderes. El 70% del país depende directa e indirectamente del agua que genera este sistema de páramos. Hoy el gobierno y sus ciudadanos deberíamos tener clara la decisión de proteger todos los sistemas productores de agua, máxime cuando en el mundo es un recurso que se hace cada vez más escaso.
Todo proyecto mega minero afecta de manera drástica los componentes bióticos, abióticos y socioeconómicos. Al decir del Ing. Orlando Beltrán, especialista en estos temas, “el bosque andino es un ecosistema que no entiende de fronteras”. Por ello la explotación minera que piensan realizar en la zona protegida, donde se van a utilizar 35.000 toneladas de explosivos, así sea tan solo en ocho hectáreas como dice Montoya Puyana, destruye los sistemas hídricos que generan estos páramos.
Con fundamento en las anteriores consideraciones, quisiera dejar aquí una propuesta a las organizaciones ambientalistas y defensoras del Páramo de Santurbán, así como a los parlamentarios comprometidos en esta lucha: se trata de elaborar un proyecto de ley ante el Congreso de la República para crear el PARQUE NACIONAL DE PÁRAMOS, y así darle protección legal a este sistema hídrico de manera definitiva.
Los requisitos para que Santurbán se constituya en PARQUE NACIONAL se cumplen a cabalidad: tiene una extensión aproximada de 80.000 hectáreas y dentro de su superficie viven 457 especies de plantas, 293 especies de fauna, mantiene y regula la oferta de agua para 2’200.000 habitantes de manera directa y contribuye a la producción de oxígeno en una época afectada por el calentamiento global y la destrucción acelerada de nuestro único hogar: la tierra.
El Parque Nacional de Santurbán se constituiría en el primer Parque de Páramos dentro del SISTEMA NACIONAL DE PARQUES que hoy protege el Gobierno Nacional; con esta decisión, una buena parte de las familias que hoy habitan esas tierras serían designadas Guardabosques del parque, y se trazarían políticas públicas para atender los hogares allí ubicados.
Colombia y el mundo están en mora de atender con decisión y rigurosidad los páramos que forman parte en nuestro territorio. Y la mejor manera de hacerlo es creando el Parque Nacional de Páramos, que por supuesto acogería, protegería y preservaría de manos destructoras el páramo de Santurbán.
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