Por GERMÁN AYALA OSORIO
En un país complejo y étnicamente plural como Colombia, la exaltación a través de bustos y estatuas de próceres y figuras públicas debería de ser el resultado de una discusión amplia y no el resultado de una imposición, amparada en una historia oficial que de tiempo atrás desdice de la presencia y de las luchas de pueblos ancestrales.
Bajo esta premisa, la acción étnico-política que terminó con el derribo de una estatua del asesino de indígenas Sebastián de Belalcázar no solo es un acto simbólico legítimo de los indígenas caucanos que decidieron tumbarlo, sino un clamor para que su memoria sea respetada y considerada en la necesidad que subsiste en el Cauca y en otros lugares del país, de revisar esas narrativas oficiales que han servido para ocultar acciones violentas y bárbaras en las que devino el proyecto modernizador y modernizante echado a andar desde 1492.
Además de lo anterior, Sebastián de Belalcázar representaba y representa aún un fuerte y anacrónico falo y antropocentrismo con el que una élite que se cree blanca y aria, no solo logró dominar los ecosistemas naturales, sino a los pueblos afros e indígenas, convertidos en “subalternos” y víctimas de esos procesos de dominación étnico-territorial y cultural. Al final se impuso una narrativa moderna en la que ser indígena y afro siendo sinónimo de atraso, vergüenza y premodernidad.
Bienvenida la discusión sobre cuáles símbolos deben exhibirse en ciudades y departamentos como el Cauca, en cuyos territorios sobreviven pueblos ancestrales que merecen respeto y reconocimiento.
Para los agentes de la sociedad civil de Popayán el derribamiento de Sebastián de Belalcázar constituye un acto vandálico. Estamos ante un reduccionismo propio de aquellos que desdicen de su proceso de mestizaje y de tiempo atrás se autoproclaman como “blancos”, cuando lo más seguro es que en su ADN existan genes indígenas y afros.
Se equivoca el alcalde de la Ciudad Blanca al anunciar la inversión de dineros públicos para restablecer el violento ícono, y por esa vía desconocer el mensaje que el pueblo indígena le está enviando a su administración, al país y en particular a la conservadora y “blanca” sociedad payanesa.
Ya es hora de revisar el sentido de exaltar a criminales y “héroes” avasalladores de culturas y ecosistemas. Es tiempo de discutir incluso si vale la pena continuar exaltando a seres humanos e insistir en un discurso antropocéntrico, que ha servido para tomar distancia de la Naturaleza y para validar un tipo de desarrollo a todas luces insostenible. Por ahora, aplaudo la caída de Sebastián de Belalcázar, pero soy consciente de que el discurso que lo sostuvo sigue vigente.
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